Governor Phillip Essay Example for Free

Governor Phillip Essay In this essay, I would like to examine the respective educational theories of the two men: Professor Higgins Pygmalion and Governor Phillip Our Countrys Good. Both men believe in the process of amelioration: that is, both believe in the redemptive power of fine language; if people speak fine language, they will find themselves morally or socially improved. Both believe that people, who are born into the lower classes, are not doomed to live their lives at a disadvantage. Moreover, if given the opportunity to use the divine gift of articulate speech, then they can achieve a degree of upward mobility. I should like to look first at the relationship between Professor Higgins and Eliza in Pygmalion, which is set in an era of social mobility and depends for its effect upon the English class system. In particular, I would like to examine the idea that a persons position in society can be accurately measured by her speech-style. Henry Higgins, a professor of linguistics, believes that Eliza Doolittle (draggletailed guttersnipe) can be transformed into a duchess. Higgins is a scientist conducting an experiment. He wants Eliza to talk genteelly. His precise ambition is to pass that girl off as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party. Higgins is extremely selfish (What does it matter what becomes of you) and professes not to be interested in Elizas personal progress at all, in fact only teaching her to win a bet between Pickering and himself: THE NOTE-TAKER (HIGGINS): Well, sir, in three months I could pass that girl off as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party. PICKERING: Ill say youre the greatest teacher alive if you make that good. Ill bet you all the expenses of the experiment you cant do it. As this exchange shows, Pickering has just given Professor Higgins the incentive to teach Eliza. Higgins is very vain (I can place any man in London) and is teaching Eliza to stop using cockney dialect: Lisson Grove lingo such as Garn! and you ought to be stuffed with nails, you ought! She also uses double negatives in her speech: I aint got no parents where, grammatically, it should be I dont have any parents. In Act Two, Eliza goes one step further by saying, I dont want never to see him again I dont which is in fact a triple negative. During his experiment in teaching, Higgins encounters the difficulty of getting Eliza to talk grammatically. Teaching her to pronounce the words properly is easy enough, but teaching her to understand English grammar is more complicated. When she comes to Higgins, her grammar is atrocious (I wont stay here if I dont like), for she is using adjectives instead of adverbs. However, she is aware of her social standing. Although she knows that she is not a lady (I couldnt sleep here, its too good for the likes of me), she also knows that she is not a tramp and regularly states she is not a prostitute (Im a good girl I am). This chorus is her motto and shows that she has a sense of decorum. In Act Three, about three months into the experiment, Eliza undertakes what we make call a half-term test. She goes to Mrs Higgins at home day. There, she does well in her greetings of Mrs Eynsford Hill and her daughter, Clara; her four syllables how do you do? are said with pedantic pronunciation and great beauty of tone. Then, however, the topic of conversation begins to turn towards incongruous subjects: My Aunt died of influenza, so they said but it is my belief they done her in. Higgins explains away Elizas inappropriate remark by saying that it is the new small talk. Shortly afterwards, he gives the signal to Eliza that she should leave. When asked by Freddy if she is walking, she replies with the best remark in the play: Walk! Not bloody likely. Im going in a taxi. She departs, much to the shock of the genteel folk. The conflict in this exchange is between Elizas perfectly elegant diction and the crude adjective that she uses. This example of Lisson Grove lingo or kerbstone English, when spoken in an upper-class accent, sounds incongruous and creates uproarious laughter. When we next catch up with Eliza, she has made a successful transformation from a flower girl as clean as she can afford to be to a princess in opera cloak, evening dress, diamonds, fan, flowers and all accessories. She is at her final test, an International party at an Embassy in London. Neppomuck, Higgins first student, attends, working as an interpreter: I speak 32 languages You place a man anywhere in London, I place any man in Europe. The hostess of the party instructs Neppomuck to use his skills on Eliza: I have found out all about her, she is a fraud. As Higgins thinks that he has failed and it is all over, Neppomuck reveals: She is of Hungarian origin and of Royal blood. She is a Princess! Higgins, as is shown, has succeeded in his mission to transform Elizas speech from that of a common flower girl to that of an aristocrat. Later, when Eliza asks Pickering if she had won his bet, he replies: Won it my dear, you have won it 10 times over. This speech by Colonel Pickering makes Eliza feel successful and when, after the party, Higgins makes an entirely selfish analysis of the ordeal through which Eliza has been going, (No more artificial duchesses. The whole thing has been simple purgatory) she passes moral judgement on him (you selfish brute). When we see Eliza at Mrs. Higgins house we are shown that neither Higgins nor Pickering has any concept of mental cruelty, for they think that the way they have treated Eliza (who is naturally rather affectionate) by ignoring her and saying how glad they are that it is all over, is perfectly acceptable. In Act Five, Eliza realises that her real education is not in phonetics but in manners. Eliza explains how she acquired self-respect and has risen in the world. Shaw then puts in her mouth a political speech critical of class-differences in England in 1916: The difference between a lady and a flower girl is not how she behaves but how shes treated This declaration brings us on to discussing Our Countrys Good and Governor Phillip. At the heart of Governor Phillips educational theory is the belief that, if the convicts are treated as talented individuals, they will acquire self-respect. Arthur Phillip has been made governor-in-chief of a penal colony in 18th century Australia. The criminals have been transported a form of punishment at that time on a convict ship to Australia, which was the most frequent destination. Excluding the convicts, there are several other men, of various ranks, with Phillip. Among these are Captain Watkin Tench and Judge David Collins, both of whom lack sensitivity. Phillip is a humanitarian and thinks it unnecessary to cross fifteen thousand miles of ocean to erect another Tyburn? : that is, to go to the other side of the Earth to hang people who could have been hanged in Britain. Tench, on the other hand, thinks that the convicts laugh at hangings and it is their favourite form of entertainment. Phillip wishes to be humane and considers lashing as an alternative, but because the punishment is unobserved, Collins deems it useless for it will not serve as a sharp example: that is, it will not deter the other convicts. Tench agrees with him by saying that justice and humaneness have never gone hand in hand. When the discussion turns to plays and preferred authors, Phillip has the idea of the convicts putting on a play for the good of the colony. This is our first notion of the differences between Governor Phillip and Professor Higgins; Higgins is teaching Eliza for his own good, to improve his reputation, not for her benefit nor our countrys good. The only play they have is George Farquhars The Recruiting Officer (1706), which is a Restoration comedy. In Act One Scene Five, Phillip asks Second Lieutenant Ralph Clark to organise the play. He doesnt really want to do it and to begin with is not very enthusiastic, but he is hopeful of promotion and so does it to please the Governor. He hears that a convict called Mary Brenham can read and write, so he roots her out. She is with her friend, Dabby Bryant, when he comes to talk to her. When he asks her questions to discover if she can read and write, Dabby interrupts and tells him: She used to read to us on the ship. We loved it. This disclosure reveals Marys human potential; it reveals also that some convicts are sensitive to those who have been desensitised through brutal treatment. When Dabby says, Mary wants to be in your play, she is telling us that Mary wants something to look forward to, something to anticipate. When Ralph Clark starts reading some lines with her from the play, she reads the line: Whilst there is life, there is hope This is a perfect example of a syntactically balanced sentiment. This proverbial saying comments exquisitely on their situation within the colony. In Act One Scene Six, The Authorities Discuss the Merits of the Theatre, Major Robbie Ross shows his contempt for the play (well all be struck with stricturing starvation and you you a play! ) Ross is a reactionary figure; he adopts a hostile manner towards the idea that the convicts may be capable of sentiment and rehabilitation. He believes that they are incorrigible, beyond redemption; he has no confidence in the redemptive power of Farquhars language. Ross wastes no opportunity to vituperate against the convicts (vice ridden vermin! ), especially the women, whom he considers lower forms of life (Filthy, thieving, lying whores). He scoffs at the fact that they are allowed to perform a play of fine language, sentiment (Plays! ). In the same scene as Ross accusations, we find that these are actually civilised men: The sky of this Southern Hemisphere is full of wonders. Have you looked at the constellations? Astronomy seems to be a reasonably intelligent pursuit. Phillip now shows his enlightened position We are indeed here to supervise the convicts who are already being punished by their long exile. Surely they can also be reformed?

Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin Essay example -- Sonnys Blues James Ba

Sonny's Blues by James Baldwin A captivating tale of a relationship between two troubling brothers in Harlem, "Sonny's Blues" is told from the perception of Sonny's brother, whose name is never mentioned. Baldwin's choice of Sonny's brother as a narrator is what makes "Sonny's Blues" significant in terms of illustrating the relationship and emotional complications of Sonny and his brother. The significance of "Sonny's Blues" lies in the way Sonny's brother describes their relationship based on what he observes, hears, and feels, and how he struggles trying to understand Sonny through the course of the story. This is a story of how two African Americans brothers take their own path through life as they struggle to find meaning in their lives. Sonny's brother point of view is shared in this story as he feels responsible to keep his brother safe. The brother learns to listen throughout this story to better understand Sonny's life. This story is primarily about Sonny's brothers' life, how he struggled in his life and how he is now watching his younger brother Sonny go through the same situation. He worries about Sonny's life; that Sonny might not be able to escape the turmoil that life brings especially being a musician with no ties to family and job security. Sonny's brother sees Sonny trying to become a jazz musician, he watches and listens as Sonny goes through many difficulties in life. He doesn't want Sonny to be a jazz musician, because there is no future in this. At the end of the story, Sonny's brother attends the nightclub to watch... ...Blues" illustrated how life was growing up in an African American family during 1930 Ââ€" 1960's. Black Americans struggled to make their imprint on society. The life of the amazing blind musician Ray Charles comes to my mind as I struggle to understand how the African American culture learned to survive during this time. Sonny and Ray Charles had many of the same life experiences, in particular relying on drugs to forget their past and living in a society where the black man struggled to make a living. Both men used their music of rhythm and blues to gain respect from family and friends. In particular they learned to use music to survive in times of racism, segregation and poverty.

Racism in euroropean football Essay

Medieval football matches involved hundreds of players, and were essentially pitched battles between the young men of rival villages and towns often used as opportunities to settle old feuds, personal arguments and land disputes. The much more disciplined game introduced to continental Europe in 1900s was the reformed pastime of the British aristocracy. Other European countries adopted this form of the game, associated with Victorian values of fair-play and retrained enthusiasm. Only two periods in British history have been relatively free of football-related violence: the inter-war years and the decade following the Second World War. Recently it seems more and more becoming that racism is beginning to damage the reputation of the game. Racism isn’t directed at players simply because of their skin colour; players are also targeted because of their nationality, religion or ethnicity. Some players may be targeted by football supporters more because they play for an opposing team rather than their appearance or heritage. However, some players and managers have even been targeted by their own fans. The purpose of this report is to understand the current situation of racism within football, and look at what is begin done to help rid the game of it. With numerous governing bodies contained by sport, it is key to understanding what the main bodies choose to do to help endorse the fight against racism. It seems as though it is becoming more and more of a human rights issue, as players endure the direct racism from not only fans but club management teams.

Communism vs Capitalism Essay - 849 Words

Capitalism vs. Communism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout history, there have been many systems developed in order to have a better society. Two of the most analyzed, and debated systems that have tired to change an economy for the best are communism, and capitalism. Communism, and capitalism have been compared on many levels, such as why they will or will not work, and which one works better. Throughout this essay I will concentrate on the differences, and similarities of how each operates, along with the benefits, and problems that each of them produces. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Both of these economic systems theories came about around the same time, in the late 17th to mid18th centuries. One of the main contributor for†¦show more content†¦This is the theory of a free market, based on supply and demand to take care of the consumer welfare. Capitalism gives people the freedom to do as they wish, and allows them the opportunities to work to gain great wealth, or to just survive in the society. While communism sets direct demands on the work you do and what you need to produce, so others can benefit as well as you from your hard work. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many different outcomes and problems that can occur as a result of the different systems. The benefits for communism are set up on a larger scale that takes time and effort, as for capitalism hard work produces quick gains. Since it is harder for people of communism to see direct results from their hard work, there can be a tendency of people doing less, but still receiving the same as everyone else. Thus, there needs to be some type of point system, which makes sure each person does enough work to show for the goods received. If the work is not done then something needs to be done, such as not giving them their share, jail time, or kicked out of the community, resulting in poorer living standards. Capitalism however, gives each individual a choice of the benefits they will receive from working hard or not. You still have the chance to be poor, but unlike communism you have the chance to become rich. In communism the hardest workers receive the same , but in capitalism the hardest workers reap the most rewards.Show MoreRelatedCapitalism Vs. Communism And Communism1266 Words   |  6 PagesRaia Creative Writing 1 5 May 2015 Capitalism vs Communism Throughout history, people have tested many different political systems have a better society. The most common political systems that people have tested are monarchy, oligarchy, theocracy, aristocracy and democracy. I will talk about capitalism and communism in this research paper. Both those systems are created to change the economic situation. 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